Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) refer to repeated episodes of infection within the urinary system, usually defined as two or more UTIs in six months or three or more in a year. While a single UTI is common and usually harmless, recurrent infections can affect quality of life and increase the risk of kidney involvement if left untreated.
Women are more prone to UTIs due to their shorter urethra and proximity to the anal region, but men with conditions like chronic prostatitis or after catheter use may also experience recurrent infections.
Symptoms of Recurrent UTI
- Burning sensation during urination (dysuria)
- Frequent urge to urinate, often passing small amounts
- Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
- Presence of blood in urine (hematuria)
- Pressure or discomfort in the lower abdomen or pelvis
- In severe cases: fever, chills, nausea, back pain (may indicate kidney infection)
Causes & Risk Factors
Recurrent UTIs may arise due to incomplete clearance of bacteria or underlying risk factors. Common causes include:
- Female anatomy – short urethra and proximity to anus
- Hormonal changes – menopause, use of certain contraceptives
- Sexual activity – frequent intercourse, spermicides, or diaphragms
- Underlying conditions – diabetes, kidney stones, chronic prostatitis, or structural abnormalities
- Pelvic surgery or catheter use
- Genital hygiene issues or poor toilet habits
- Obesity, immobility, or difficulty squatting/sitting properly
- Family tendency for recurrent UTIs
Diagnosis
- Urine test and urine culture to confirm infection and detect bacterial resistance
- Blood investigations (CBC, creatinine, blood sugar, CRP) in complicated cases
- Ultrasound or cystoscopy to identify kidney stones, obstruction, or anatomical problems
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on severity, recurrence pattern, and underlying cause:
1. Antibiotics
- Short-course oral antibiotics for uncomplicated UTIs
- Longer courses (7–14 days) in high-risk groups (pregnant women, diabetics, kidney infections)
- Low-dose prophylactic antibiotics in recurrent cases (under medical supervision)
2. Addressing Causes
- Managing diabetes, kidney stones, or obstruction
- Correcting anatomical problems if detected
3. Supportive & Preventive Therapies
- Cranberry extract, D-mannose, probiotics, or vitamin C (supportive role)
- Low-dose vaginal estrogen in postmenopausal women
- Regular Sitz baths for hygiene and comfort
4. Hospital Care
- IV antibiotics and hydration in cases of sepsis or pyelonephritis
Prevention Tips
- Hydration: Drink 2–3 liters of water daily to flush bacteria
- Urinate Often: Avoid holding urine for long periods
- Hygiene: Wipe front to back after using the toilet
- Post-Intercourse Care: Urinate after sex to clear bacteria
- Avoid Irritants: Stay away from harsh soaps, scented products, and tight synthetic clothing
- Control Chronic Conditions: Manage diabetes and other illnesses effectively
- Regular Check-ups: For persistent UTIs, consult a urologist for specialized care